What did the king’s army look like as it lined up before him more than 230 years ago? In 1795, King Jeongjo, often seen as a key figure behind what some call a “Joseon renaissance” in scholarship and culture, visited Hwaseong to pay respects to his late father and to celebrate his mother’s 60th birthday. The eight-day journey from the capital, Hanyang (present-day Seoul), to Hwaseong is recorded in detail in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, royal protocols known as uigwe and paintings. Now, the