Archaeologists have unearthed ancient toys, including wheeled horses, rattles, animal figurines, and toy soldiers, in the old citadel of Tomis, offering insights into the playthings of Roman children.

The recent reoccupation of Beaufort Castle in southern Lebanon by Israel highlights a trend of centuries-old citadels being militarized, echoing their use during Syria's prolonged conflict.

Egypt and Oman have commenced their joint special forces drill, 'Citadel of the Mountain-2.' The exercise aims to enhance military cooperation and readiness between the two nations.

Equal-weight benchmarks are currently outperforming as market rotation gains momentum, according to Citadel Securities’ Scott Rubner. This trend suggests a shift in investment strategies and market dynamics.

Citadel Securities has indicated a risk that the Federal Reserve may be forced to raise interest rates in the near future.

A more than seven-minute real-time video captured the moon emerging from the clouds and briefly aligning with the Liberty Statue and the Citadel's flag during dawn in Budapest.

Sandra Gimžauskienė will lead the Lithuanian branch of Citadele bank after receiving approval from the European Central Bank, the bank announced.

Citadel Securities has lost a significant court battle concerning a new options trading venue operated by IEX, impacting the financial market landscape.

A Citadel strategist analyzed shifts in prediction markets over the Memorial Day weekend to calculate potential market movements following an announcement of an Iran deal.

Citadel Securities analysts suggest that financial markets are not adequately pricing in the growing signs of a potential deal with Iran.

Russia's Rostec industrial conglomerate has detailed the features of its new ZAK-30 Citadela anti-aircraft system, designed to counter drone attacks.

A survey commissioned by Citadele bank indicates that 28% of Lithuanian residents are considering or planning to purchase housing within the next two years.

Former quantitative analysts from Citadel have successfully raised $78 million in funding for their new artificial intelligence fintech company, Moment.

Ken Griffin, CEO of Citadel and a former prominent skeptic of artificial intelligence, has publicly stated that he now believes "AI is real," indicating a significant change in his perspective on the technology.

Global investment management firm Citadel has reportedly instructed key executives to depart Hong Kong, citing concerns related to China.

Financial firm Citadel has reportedly instructed some of its quantitative staff and key researchers in Hong Kong to either relocate from the city or resign. This directive affects employees in the region.

Citadel Securities is highlighted as a strong contender to capitalize on Asia's pursuit of a Nasdaq-like market, indicating its strategic position in the region's financial landscape.

A prominent hedge fund trader has reportedly 'gazumped' Millennium Management again to join rival firm Citadel, marking a significant move in the financial sector.

The Prime Video spy action thriller "Citadel" is returning for its second season, aiming to address shortcomings identified in its predecessor after a three-year hiatus.

Citadel CEO Ken Griffin made public remarks regarding inflation, which are expected to be met with disapproval from Wall Street. His comments shed light on a sensitive economic topic.

Amazon's commercial strategy went wrong: the foundational series received bad reviews and the two spin-offs have been canceled.

A rare dispute has emerged between the Bank of England and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) regarding capital requirements for trading firms, with the watchdog proposing to boost liquidity for groups such as Jane Street and Citadel Securities.

Citadel has been granted approval to commence its operations in Dubai, expanding its presence in the Middle East.

Far-left New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani is reportedly attempting to de-escalate an information war against Citadel's Ken Griffin, as detailed in a recent promotional video.

Citadel has issued a warning to New York City following Council Member Mamdani's criticism of billionaire Ken Griffin, signaling potential repercussions for the city's business environment.

The high-budget spy thriller TV series "Citadel" is set to return for its second season on Amazon Prime Video in May 2026. Viewers are encouraged to catch up on the first season before the premiere.

Citadel has restructured its investor recruitment unit in recent months, focusing on internal promotions and younger hires following a series of departures from the $67 billion firm.

Customers of Citadele Bank in Lithuania faced temporary issues with the bank's online services and mobile application on Wednesday morning. The bank has since reported that the services have been restored.

The trailer for 'Citadel 2' has been released, showcasing Priyanka Chopra and Richard Madden returning for more action-packed sequences.

Citadel reportedly identified opportunities in distillate cracks prior to the outbreak of the Iran War. This suggests strategic positioning in energy markets based on anticipated geopolitical events.

Alexander DiLeonardo, Citadel's Chief People Officer, shared insights into what the company seeks in new employees, emphasizing the desire for individuals who can act as managers from day one.

An economist from Citadele bank predicts that the housing market in Lithuania, particularly Vilnius, will stabilize this year after significant price increases in 2025. Prices are expected to grow by a more moderate 7.1% this year.

Haiti's Culture Ministry has fired employees following a stampede at a citadel that resulted in 25 deaths, with at least nine people, including police and ministry staff, arrested.

At least 30 dead in stampede at Haiti’s historic Laferriere Citadel  The Straits Times

Citing the ongoing Middle East conflict and rising energy prices, Citadele bank has revised down Lithuania's GDP growth forecast for the current year to 2.6% and anticipates a faster inflation increase to 6%.

Citadel Securities suggests that a recent exodus of retail investors could pave the way for a significant run in the S&P market.

Dėl pakilusių kuro kainų beveik trečdalis Lietuvos gyventojų rečiau naudojasi automobiliu arba kaupia degalų atsargas, rodo „Citadele“ banko užsakymu atlikta apklausa.

A Citadel executive, Barratt, has departed the firm following significant losses incurred from trades involving Spirit and other assets.

The Vidraru Mountain Association has reported problems at Poenari Citadel in Argeș, just one year after its restoration, raising concerns about the site's condition.

An alleged Iranian attack on a gas facility in Qatar has sparked concerns over Britain's energy security, highlighting the geopolitical risks to global energy supplies.

Citadel Securities has reversed its bearish stance on Treasuries following a recent market rout, adjusting its outlook on government bonds.

Competition watchdog okays Citadele Bank to buy stake in Mobilly / Article  LSM

JPMorgan Says Hedge Funds Hit by Worst Drawdown Since April  Bloomberg

Citadel Securities believes that current market pricing does not accurately reflect the future interest rate paths of the Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank.

Citadele Bank has introduced 'C lite,' a new virtual bank card with no monthly fee, allowing customers in Lithuania to make payments via phone or other smart devices, responding to the growing trend of digital transactions.

Scott Rubner of Citadel predicts that stocks will rebound in March, attributing the expected recovery to a normalization of market volatility.

Move underscores tensions between Wall Street banks and clients as businesses converge

SIA "kWp 1" has invested 14 million euros in the creation of two hybrid solar and battery parks in the Ogre and Limbaži municipalities of Latvia. The project is financed by a nine-million-euro loan from Citadele bank, backed by a guarantee from the development finance institution "Altum."

Palantir cofounder and CEO Alex Karp Francois Mori/AP Palantir made an announcement Tuesday, saying it relocated its headquarters to Florida from Colorado. The software company, which generates much revenue from defense contracts, did not give a reason for the move. When founder-led firms change headquarters, it often reflects "worldview as much as strategy," said one expert. When a company moves its headquarters, it's making a statement — whether leadership spells it out or not. That's the case with Palantir's surprise announcement Tuesday that it has relocated its home base to Florida from Colorado. The defense-tech contractor disclosed the change in a one-sentence press release citing a new address just outside Miami. Palantir, led by cofounder and CEO Alex Karp, didn't provide a reason or say what it means for employees. The lack of details has left many observers speculating on the motive. "This seems like a pretty obvious attempt to put both Karp and Palantir in friendlier territory," said Jo-Ellen Pozner, a management and entrepreneurship professor at Santa Clara University's Leavey School of Business. Though Karp backed Kamala Harris' 2024 campaign, he has more recently praised the Trump administration's immigration and national security policies. On a November earnings call, Karp called for tougher border policies and highlighted Palantir's work with US Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Israel. Palantir, which relies heavily on government contracts, has also faced protests in Colorado in recent years. Colorado is a blue state, Florida is red. "Not only will the company receive a more welcoming reception and more eager labor pool in Florida, but Karp and his top deputies will probably be more comfortable spending time there than they do in Colorado," said Pozner. Palantir didn't respond to a request for comment from Business Insider about the reason for the headquarters shake-up or the move's impact on employees. Palantir was founded in California's Silicon Valley region in 2003 and moved to Colorado in 2020. At the time, Karp cited an "increasing intolerance and monoculture" in Silicon Valley. Karp owns property in Colorado. Some leadership experts point to Florida's more tax-friendly policies as a reason why Palantir has a new ZIP code. "To me, this is dollars and cents," said Zack Kass, a former OpenAI executive who now advises companies and governments on leading in today's AI-centric business world. "If building a better company meant Karp moving the business to Alaska, he'd probably do it." A number of finance and tech heavyweights have planted flags in Florida in recent years, including Citadel, Thiel Capital, and Thoma Bravo. In January, venture capitalist David Sacks proclaimed that Miami will soon replace New York City as America's financial capital. "I'm grateful for the leadership of the state of Florida," said Citadel's Ken Griffin at the America Business Forum in Miami in November. "This is a great place to call home." Not everyone agrees, though, as others have noted that Miami's social scene hollows out in the summer and the city lacks a major university to pipe in tech talent. Whatever the incentives are behind Palantir's change of address, headquarters moves in general are rarely about real estate, said Jeff LeBlanc, a management professor at Bentley University. Instead, they often speak to the kind of identity leaders want for their companies. "In a world where so much work is hybrid or distributed, the HQ is often more symbolic than operational," he said. "Geography communicates. It says something about who you want to attract, who you align with, and what kind of company you believe you are." LeBlanc pointed Elon Musk's decision to move some of his companies' headquarters from California to Texas for political reasons as an example. In 2024, the billionaire lashed out at California for being the first state to outlaw schools from having to notify parents if a child changes their name, pronouns, or gender identity at school, calling the move the "final straw." "Particularly in founder-led companies, those moves often reflect worldview as much as strategy," LeBlanc said. "Geography has become part of executive messaging." Read the original article on Business Insider

Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images; Getty Images; Rebecca Zisser/BI Tech's elite are taking their talents to South Beach — again. In January, David Sacks, the venture capitalist and crypto and AI czar, proclaimed that Miami will soon replace New York City as America's financial capital. Stripe's Patrick Collison has been marveling at the city's "boomtown" vibes. With California flirting with a one-time tax on billionaires, said billionaires like Larry Page, Sergey Brin, and Mark Zuckerberg are buying oceanfront mansions. And on Tuesday, Palantir announced that it's moving its headquarters from Denver to Miami. Is Miami the next Silicon Valley? We've been here before. The pandemic sent waves of coastal workers to the city, turning it into a Zoomtown full of online venture capitalists like Keith Rabois and Delian Asparouhov, bitcoin bull runners, and purveyors of the finest NFTs. Billboards went up in San Francisco featuring a mock tweet from then-Miami mayor Francis Suarez: "Thinking about moving to Miami? DM me." Here's the thing: It's easy to fall for Miami when a big chunk of the workforce is stuck at home and online. Five years later, it's a lot harder to build companies there. "Miami is great three months out of the year," says one prominent venture capitalist who moved to the city during the pandemic but is now returning to an established hub. While the Floridian tax benefits are real, the investor has found that the social scene hollows out in the summer as residents leave, making it "hard to build roots or have reliable friends." More critically for the startup ecosystem, the scene lacked the "hustle" of San Francisco or New York. Silicon Valley practically runs on a conveyor belt from Stanford and Caltech to Y Combinator's Dogpatch offices. The machine turns students into founders, builders into companies, and companies into the next wave of founders. Miami, meanwhile, lacks a major university to pipe in tech talent. Instead, the investor says, the city tends to attract people who have already "made it." Miami and Fort Lauderdale-based startups raised $3 billion in 2025. Bay Area-based startups raised $177 billion. The Miami market, while busy, significantly lags behind the major hubs. Startups in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale metro raised about $3 billion in 2025, per PitchBook, down from $8.6 billion in 2022, when money and crypto sloshed about. The Bay Area, by contrast, still grabs 52% of the nation's venture funding, with $177 billion in capital pouring in last year. Alligators may be all around in Miami, but unicorns are hard to find. In January, Cast AI, a startup that helps companies cut cloud costs, crossed the $1 billion valuation mark, becoming the region's first homegrown unicorn in years. Before that, Adam Neumann, the ousted WeWork cofounder, debuted his Miami residential real-estate venture, Flow, at a $1 billion valuation in 2022. Even Garry Tan, the Y Combinator president and gadfly who's usually first in line to dunk on San Francisco's politics, has been blunt about where the breeding grounds are best. Tan recently said on X that the accelerator still hasn't opened offices outside the Bay Area because founders are simply more likely to build unicorns there. According to a Business Insider analysis of Crunchbase data, of the at least 97 new unicorns that investors minted in 2025, 43 of them were based in the Bay Area. But those who dismiss the city entirely miss the point. Miami isn't the next San Francisco. It's establishing itself as something else. Patrick Murphy, a former Florida congressman and entrepreneur, says that Miami's tech scene is growing, it's just being built in "reverse order." Silicon Valley, he says, emerged from an if you build it, they will come approach: Engineers built great companies first, which eventually created fortunes that cycled back into the community to fund the next generation of companies. Miami, however, has a more if you come, they will build it tact. It's attracted the "wealth achievers" first — the family offices, private equity names, and already-successful founders who emigrated for lifestyle reasons. Finance heavyweights like Citadel and Thoma Bravo arrived early. Vanguard, one of the world's largest asset managers, is eyeing an expansion in Miami as it targets more Latin American wealth. The city is now importing the machinery that follows them. Legal, accounting, and consulting firms are opening local offices to stay close to clients — and scoop up star talent that no longer needs to live near HQ. This dynamic has established Miami as a "control center" for decision-makers, Murphy argues, but not yet the "factory floor" where the actual work gets done. Murphy says that despite running a successful construction-tech startup, Togal.AI, his engineering team has been offshore from the beginning because the local talent pool simply "didn't exist" when he started in 2019. "If you go to Miami, you're not going to see dozens of engineers at a Starbucks cranking away," he says. "That's not here yet." Still, Miami's flood of wealth is creating demand for startups built on the city's local economy, especially in property tech and fintech, Murphy says. Togal.AI's annual recurring revenue has grown 1,000% over the past two years, Murphy says, and is now raising fresh venture funding in order to hire dozens of new employees this year. Palantir's move immediately became a kind of Rorschach test for Miami's future. "Florida is the new crypto," one user wrote on X. Maya Bakhai, a Fort Lauderdale resident and founder of the early-stage venture firm Spice Capital, tells me that the city will flourish alongside "net new" industries that are still taking shape and where the center of gravity isn't locked in yet. Crypto firms like MoonPay and QuickNode still treat South Florida as a home base, she notes. A new space-tech accelerator backed by the state is trying to persuade founders to stick around by pairing them with funders. Bakhai's bigger bet is that just as New York became the hub for e-commerce, Miami could become the place where creator businesses get built. Research out of the University of Hong Kong found Miami has more top influencers per capita than New York or Los Angeles. And then there's Palantir, the strongest signal flare yet that tech is taking America's Playground seriously. It's hard to know what the data giant's HQ move will mean in practice — Palantir hasn't said how many employees it plans to relocate, or whether it will offer moving packages to lure talent south. The company did not respond to an email request for comment. If Palantir does move a meaningful slice of its workforce, it would give Miami something it's been short on: a marquee tech employer that can recruit and keep technical workers on the ground year-round. On X, Palantir's move immediately became a kind of Rorschach test for Miami's future. ""Florida is the future," cheered Andreessen Horowitz investor Katherine Boyle. Others were less convinced. "Florida is the new crypto," one user wrote. "For the next 20 years, nothing will change, but they will always tell you 'big things are happening in Florida.'" Turning Miami into Silicon Beach is a long game, Bakhai argues. It won't be built by the billionaires buying houses to snowbird in today, she argues, but by the young strivers arriving for their first serious jobs — the entry-level analysts heading to Citadel and the junior lawyers starting at firms like Orrick. For the first time, she says, ambitious graduates can launch careers in Miami instead of treating New York or San Francisco as the default. The payoff, she says, comes years later, when they eventually spin off to start their own companies. Until then, Miami remains largely a playground for the "made it" crowd, waiting in the sun for the builders to come. Melia Russell is a reporter with Business Insider, covering the intersection of law and technology. Read the original article on Business Insider

Citadel Securities has issued a warning that persistently higher interest rates are expected to pose significant challenges for risk assets across financial markets.

A survey commissioned by Citadele bank reveals that more than a fifth (22%) of Lithuanian residents rent their homes, with almost half of them paying up to 300 euros per month for rent.

At Berlin’s Citadel Music Festival, activist Arab Barghouti publicly called for the release of his father, Marwan Barghouti. Marwan Barghouti is a prominent Palestinian political figure currently imprisoned by Israel.

Citadel and Citadel Securities accepted a record low 0.36% of over 115,900 applicants for their intern class this year, with more than 350 individuals starting their internships.

Citadel is implementing a new strategy to compensate other hedge funds for their trading ideas, aiming to enhance its market intelligence and investment performance.

The organization New7Wonders has issued a warning that Peru's Inca citadel, Machu Picchu, is at risk of losing its designation as one of the Wonders of the World due to severe management failures.

Citadel Securities reported a record $4.3 billion in trading revenues, attributed to volatility in the market, particularly concerning Iran. This marks a significant financial achievement for the firm.

New York City has passed a pied-à-terre tax, with Citadel CEO Ken Griffin becoming a prominent figure in the debate after Mayor Zohran Mamdani posted a video in front of his penthouse. The tax targets luxury second homes.

Transylvania's largest summer festival, 'Carnival in the Citadel,' has officially begun. The event promises a vibrant celebration within the historic citadel.

Russia has released details of its new ZAK-30 Citadel anti-aircraft system, which Russian forces claim has been developed to protect military facilities from drones.

The LOGIN Inspired by Citadele conference will feature experts discussing topics from artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and digital identity to marketing and business growth. The event is scheduled for May 28-29.

The article highlights the rapid growth of solar energy, suggesting its increasing importance, and also notes Citadel's significant expansion in liquefied natural gas (LNG) operations.

A survey commissioned by Citadele bank indicates that most Lithuanians remain optimistic about their salary prospects, even as wage growth stabilizes and the military conflict in the Middle East persists.

Sighișoara, Europe's last continuously inhabited medieval citadel, is preparing to host its first "Carnival in the Citadel" festival from May 28 to June 1, 2026, offering free access to thousands of tourists.

Citadele bank, in collaboration with a Swedish firm, is introducing new tools to help consumers in Lithuania more easily evaluate their home and car insurance coverage and costs, addressing a common lack of awareness about policy details.

A former quantitative analyst from Citadel Securities has reportedly tripled the assets under management at their hedge fund operating in China.

A guide to new and upcoming content on Over-The-Top (OTT) streaming platforms features recommendations such as 'Song Sung Blue' and the second season of 'Citadel'.

Citadel Securities is reportedly moving to clear its own stock options, marking a significant break from its previous arrangement with Bank of America.

Ken Griffin, CEO of Citadel, has issued a warning that a prolonged closure of the Strait of Hormuz would likely lead to a global recession.

The former Chief Technology Officer of Citadel, a prominent hedge fund, has announced their move to join Motive Partners, a specialized private equity firm focused on financial technology.

Baltic bank Citadele announced a net profit of €19 million in the first quarter of 2026, with operating income reaching €52.1 million and a loan portfolio of €3.8 billion.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. CEO Jamie Dimon named specific firms like Citadel Securities LLC and Revolut Ltd. as competitive threats in his annual shareholder letter, an unusual move for the executive.

A new survey by Citadele bank indicates that while Lithuanians' attitudes towards electric vehicles are improving, two main factors—price and practical aspects—continue to deter potential buyers.

Citadel Securities is reportedly expanding its presence in Asia, marked by significant new hires and an increase in block trades.

Norway's Oil Fund hosted an elite dinner on Grünerløkka, attended by notable guests including Citadel CEO Ken Griffin, Nicolai Tangen, Jens Stoltenberg, and Ida Wolden Bache, featuring a menu of local delicacies.

New York's socialist mayor, Mamdani, is proposing a tax on luxury real estate owned by absentee owners. This proposal has led the founder of the Citadel hedge fund to re-evaluate a major construction project in Manhattan.

Citadel's long-standing investment in Spirit Airlines is facing new risks due to a proposed US rescue plan.

Citadel Securities has identified and highlighted several 'Magnificent Seven' trade ideas, drawing attention to key investment opportunities.

The trailer for the second season of the Amazon Prime Video series 'Citadel' has been released, confirming the return of lead actors Priyanka Chopra and Richard Madden.

Citadel Securities is making a push for larger stock trades, positioning itself to compete with traditional banks in this area.

Traditional finance giants Charles Schwab and Citadel Securities are reportedly exploring the possibility of entering the prediction markets sector.

Udhayanidhi Stalin is seeking re-election from the Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni constituency, a DMK stronghold where he made his electoral debut in 2021.

Citadel Securities is reportedly examining prediction markets as its trading operations continue to scale and expand.

Rubner of Citadel Securities believes that a period of lower market volatility will contribute to an upward trend in stock prices.

Experts warn that a closure of the Strait of Hormuz would inevitably lead to a global recession and severely impact food security by crippling the fertilizer trade.

At least 30 people have died in a stampede at Haiti’s historic Laferriere Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Hue, home to Vietnam's former Imperial Citadel, is preparing to open the Thuan An sea-crossing bridge, which will be the longest in the central region, to improve connections across key economic zones.

Pastor Tunde Bakare announced that his church has fully repaid the N4bn Wema Bank loan, which was used for the construction of its Citadel edifice in Lagos.

The election campaign must not stop: Orban gave a speech at the opening of the renovated Citadel before the session of the Defense Council

Citadel, led by Ken Griffin, has reported a record $12 billion trading haul, marking a significant achievement for the financial firm.

A survey conducted in Latvia by Citadele bank and Norstat reveals that 56% of residents feel the impact of rising prices, while only 22% report an improvement in their financial situation over the past year, reflecting a challenging economic trend.

U.S. Energy Secretary Wright maintains that rising oil prices have not yet led to demand destruction, a stance he has reiterated as markets begin to shift towards this trend.

Edzőterem, uszoda, moziszoba, széfszoba, borosszoba, üvegház, toronyszoba és wellnessrészleg is van a Páfrány utcai Rubik-villában, amit most a felújított Citadellát és a Néprajzi Múzeum állandó…

A survey commissioned by Citadele bank reveals that two-fifths (41%) of Lithuanian residents allocate 20–30% of their monthly family income to housing services.

Citadele Leasing has signed a cooperation agreement with Veho Lietuva to provide financing solutions for business clients acquiring Mercedes-Benz commercial vehicles. The agreement covers both new and used trucks and minibuses.

Budapest’s Citadella to Reopen after 4‑Year Restoration  BBJ - Budapest Business Journal

Izzy Englander's Millennium has launched two internship schemes to build out the firm's pipeline. Phil McCarten/Reuters Daniel Mazur is joining Izzy Englander's $86.3 billion hedge fund, Millennium. Mazur has traded stocks for Ken Griffin's Citadel since 2016. A person close to Citadel said the firm recently liquidated Mazur's portfolio. Daniel Mazur's near-decade-long run at $66 billion hedge fund Citadel is a lifetime in the cutthroat hedge fund world, but his time is finally up at Ken Gr...

Seasonality, options-market positioning and a handful of other factors bode well for stocks, according to Citadel Securities

Major hedge funds, including Ken Griffin's Citadel and ExodusPoint, achieved gains in February, with Asia-based funds also performing strongly.

Citadele bank has become the first in Lithuania to offer flexible loans secured by real estate, providing clients with options to plan larger expenses and optimize financing costs.

Citadel Securities Rebuts Citrini ‘Intelligence Crisis’ Scenario  Bloomberg.com

James Deering's 1916 winter home is located less than 10 minutes away from the heart of Miami. Robin Hill/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museums and Gardens Vizcaya, built by James Deering more than a century ago, might be Miami's most valuable real estate. The 45,000-square-foot mansion has a total of 54 rooms, with the main house open to the public. Citadel CEO Ken Griffin began assembling a waterfront compound next to the historic mansion in 2022. The exorbitant price tags on Miami's luxury real estate are not a secret to anyone, least of all the flock of billionaires moving to the city. But unlike the high-rise apartments in the financial center of Brickell or exclusive mansions in Indian Creek — where you might be neighbors with Jeff Bezos or Ivanka Trump — the city's potentially most valuable piece of real estate is decorated with limestone, mangroves, and tiles salvaged from Cuban estates. Built between 1914 and 1922 by International Harvester heir and Gilded Age millionaire James Deering as a winter home, Villa Vizcaya sits fewer than 10 minutes from downtown Miami, in a waterfront neighborhood that's quickly becoming a magnet for the city's new billionaire residents. While built in the years following the Gilded Age, it is notable for its Gilded Age-era extravagance, technologies, and collection of fine art. Vizcaya Museum & Gardens estimates the mansion cost $26 million to build, which is more than $800 million in today's money, per the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Florida International University estimates that the mansion is worth over $1 billion today. In 1962, Miami-Dade County bought the property for $1 million, and today, the 45,000-square-foot mansion and its surrounding gardens operate as a museum open to the public. Shortly after announcing that Citadel would move its headquarters from Chicago to Miami, CEO Ken Griffin bought up a waterfront compound less than a half-mile from Vizcaya, in the neighborhood of Coconut Grove. The $106.9 million sale set a country record for the most expensive residential property purchase at the time. Since then, the hedge fund magnate has proposed relocating the historic Villa Serena mansion, located on his estate, to Vizcaya's campus after he donated $20 million to Vizcaya Museum and Gardens. Take a look inside James Deering's historic mansion and see how its new neighbor could alter the surrounding landscape. Vizcaya was James Deering's winter home from 1916 until his death in 1925. Robin Hill Photography/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum & Gardens Struggling with illness toward the end of his life, James Deering came to Miami, then a small city surrounded by mangrove forests and wetlands, looking for tropical warmth, which was believed to help improve health. By the turn of the century, the Deering family had begun to develop estates around South Florida, with patriarch William Deering purchasing a home in Coconut Grove in 1900. By the time James Deering began building Vizcaya, his brother, Charles Deering, was also developing a winter home in the south of Miami. The property, known today as Deering Estate, also operates as a museum and is open to the public. The main house features 54 rooms, including 34 rooms decorated with their original furniture. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Spanning over 45,225 square feet, Vizcaya's main house features the living spaces of James Deering himself, his guests, and the house staff. Envisioned by interior designer Paul Chalfin, Vizcaya drew inspiration from the Italian Renaissance, adapted to South Florida's subtropical climate, and showcases furniture, artworks, and artifacts purchased by Chalfin and Deering on their travels to Europe. Although Miami's population was estimated to be only 10,000 in 1916, the construction of the Vizcaya estate employed an estimated 1,000 workers, many of whom were Black immigrants from the Bahamas. Apart from the main house, Vizcaya is also home to the Vizcaya Village, the historic quarters of the mansion's workers and farmers that allowed Vizcaya to serve as a self-sufficient farm-to-table estate. The Village expands over 12 acres and includes 11 "architecturally significant" buildings, according to the museum's website. The tour begins in the courtyard, which is adorned with tropical plants. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Lined with tropical plants such as palms and philodendrons, the courtyard highlights South Florida's natural beauty while reflecting the mansion's European inspirations. While today the courtyard is covered by a glass canopy that allows for the estate's air conditioning, it was originally open to the elements, allowing the tropical climate to seep into the main house. Meant to be used as Vizcaya's main entrance, the East Loggia opens up to the Biscayne Bay. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Featuring marble floors and columns and decorated ceilings, the East Loggia was meant to serve as Vizcaya's main entrance for guests arriving by sea, which was Deering's intended — and preferred — way of entering the mansion. It was used as an entrance for guests who arrived by boat, while the current main entrance of the museum was used as a back entrance for guests arriving by car. The room also features a model boat hanging from its ceiling in honor of the explorers who inspired Deering's interpretation of Vizcaya. Although he began living in Vizcaya during his retirement, Deering included multiple working spaces in the property. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider James Deering was heir to the International Harvester manufacturing firm, which produced tractors and other agricultural machinery, and he worked as its vice president from 1902 until 1909. Deering might have been one of the first prominent Florida "snowbirds," retirees who travel South during the colder months. His downstairs library, located in the northwest corner of the main house, is steps from the entrance hall that welcomes guests. It features Deering's personal book collection, desks for him and a secretary, and seats for business guests. When closed, the door leading to the next room — a reception room meant for entertaining guests — is concealed within the book-lined walls. The reception room features a ceiling imported from Venice, which had to be resized to fit. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider The reception room is lined with tropical-inspired silk panels showing palm trees. Our tour guide brought our attention to the ceiling, which is decorated with sculpted panels that extend to the sides of the room. The ceiling was imported from Venice and purchased before construction on the property was finished. By the time workers were putting up the decorations in the mansion, they realized that the ceiling panel did not fit the room dimensions, leading to the restructuring of the panel, which curved into the walls. "We should remember that this house was built during the First World War," curator Flaminia Gennari said in the audio tour. "So to import large quantities from Italy in the middle of the war was very complicated." Vizcaya's telephone line was one of the first in Miami. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Wired throughout the house, Vizcaya features a highly innovative telephone system for the time. Only 17 years before the start of Vizcaya's construction, the Miami Telephone Company began providing telephone service to the city. Vizcaya's telephones also featured automatic electric exchange, allowing users to connect directly to the number they dialed without going through a human operator. The telephone room, located between two of Vizcaya's main entertainment rooms, was meant for guests to communicate privately without disturbing the flow of the entertainment. The living room showcased Deering's most impressive collections. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider The living room, with its 1600s limestone fireplace, features some of Vizcaya's most impressive items, including an "admiral carpet" originally commissioned in the 1450s by the grandfather of King Ferdinand II of Spain, the Spanish king who sponsored Christopher Columbus' exploration of the Americas. The room also features throne-like armchairs where US President Ronald Reagan and Pope John Paul II sat in 1987 during the Pope's visit to America. A centerpiece of the room is the Welte Philharmonic Organ, designed to fill the house with music through elaborate sound systems. Designed for guests rather than full-time professional players, the organ uses perforated paper rolls to aid the musicians' performance by adjusting notes and volume. Concealing the organ pipes is an oil painting, which was cut in half to cover wooden doors. "Chalfin had the idea of cutting it in half and using it as the doors of the organs, which is not a very respectful thing to do for a representation of the Virgin Mary, the child, and the saints, but it somehow testifies to the freedom and positive carelessness that they had around old objects," Gennari said in the audio tour. The mansion's formal dining room features the house's oldest artifacts, although it was rarely used. Robin Hill Photography/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum & Gardens While Deering himself didn't often eat in the formal dining room, he made sure it was impressively decorated for his guests. Sitting to the side is the room's most awe-inspiring feature: a marble tabletop on carved bases resembling mythical creatures, historical artifacts unearthed near Pompeii, dating back to the times before Mount Vesuvius' eruption. Next to the dining room, on the south side of the mansion, the enclosed loggia gave guests a view of the gardens. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider The colorful glass panels, designed for Vizcaya, feature the estate's main symbols: the seahorse and the caravan. Providing a view of the garden through the glass panels and double doors, the enclosed loggia allowed guests to take in the garden views while staying cool from the Florida sun. The loggia also connects the gardens to the main house through sculpted iron gates. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Aside from giving guests an inside view of the gardens from the ground level, the room also connects the outdoors to the rest of the mansion. Downstairs, the kitchen worked as a serving space for staff to plate food and bring it to guests. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider When designing Vizcaya, Deering asked for the main kitchen to be built upstairs as he didn't want the smell of food to flood the main entertaining rooms on the first floor. To facilitate the transportation of meals and the serving of guests to the dining room, the entertaining rooms, and the loggia, he built a downstairs serving pantry. Today, the serving pantry cabinets display one set of Deering's fine dining china, the one designated for his 80-foot-long luxury yacht, Nepenthe. Commissioned in 1912 to be shipped from Europe, the original set of china purchased by Deering was transported to America as cargo aboard the Titanic. After the ship sank, a replacement set was ordered and is now displayed. The kitchens feature state-of-the-art Gilded Age technology. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Throughout the house, Deering incorporated cutting-edge technology, including annunciators with bells connected throughout the house that Deering or guests could ring at any time to get the house staff's attention. Another then-advanced feature of the serving kitchen were its refrigerators, which were rare at the time. The kitchen also featured a warming oven that helped keep food warm while guests were served. Connecting to the upstairs kitchen, which serves as the house's main cooking area, was a dumbwaiter: a food elevator meant to carry the food cooked upstairs to the downstairs plating area, where staff would then take it to the main entertaining rooms, like the dining and sitting rooms. Upstairs, 24 rooms housed guests, staff, and Deering himself. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Nine of the bedrooms were dedicated to guests and each was given a name and decorated uniquely, showcasing the artifacts and furniture purchased by Deering and Chalfin on trips to Europe. While not open to the public, an additional 14 rooms housed staff. Another then-advanced technological feature of Vizcaya was its elevator. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Deering was motivated to move to South Florida because of his illness, so accessibility features were built throughout the house, including an elevator he would use when using a wheelchair or to avoid walking upstairs. Today, the elevator isn't open to the public, and the museum's second floor is not wheelchair accessible. Deering's main office was inspired by the Napoleonic era. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Connected to Deering's bedroom and bathroom, the sitting room was his office where he would tend to business and personal matters, such as sorting his mail. The decoration style was inspired by Napoleonic France. Deering's bedroom was modest compared to some of his guest bedrooms. Robin Hill/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum and Gardens Unmarried all his life, Deering's room features a single bed rather than a larger size, and his room is furnished for practicality rather than aesthetics. His personal bathroom has one of the most breathtaking views of the property. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Opening onto a balcony, Deering's bathroom overlooks Biscayne Bay and offers one of the best views of the house, although it is not accessible to the public today. The closed-off balcony also leads to a secret door to the Espagnolette, the guest bedroom located next to his, usually reserved for Deering's dearest guests. Spiral staircases lead to the South tower. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider A set of spiral staircases leads up to the South tower, one of the two guest suites overlooking the estate. The tower bedroom has views of the bay and the gardens. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider The corner room atop the North tower was designed to transport guests to Europe. "Water reflects upwards to the ceiling and the sound of waves is audible in this room, precisely as upon the quay of this great canal of Venice," noted Chalfin about the room, according to the mansion's website. A central piece in the room is a large wardrobe assembled with 1700s Venetian panels, as well as antique painted closet doors. The breakfast room was Deering's preferred dining space. Robin Hill Photography/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum & Gardens Back on the second floor, the breakfast room was the central entertaining spot. The room is lined with oil paintings depicting ocean scenes, and the windows slide into pocket doors, revealing views of the garden. It also features a sound system, with a piano hidden in a room off the spiral staircase next door and connected to the breakfast room through floor vents that allow sound to travel into the space. Most of the time, Deering opted to dine in this room rather than the formal dining space. Tucked next to the breakfast room is the main kitchen. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Designed to maximize staff efficiency, the main kitchen upstairs has different areas for different tasks, including separate sinks for washing dishes and produce. It also features ice boxes, or refrigerators of the time, powered by salt water. During Deering's time at the estate, Vizcaya employed two French chefs dedicated to food and pastries. Food served at the mansion was sourced from the staff village built across the street, where a farm provided vegetables, dairy, chicken, herbs, and citrus. "You and I could come down and drive into the farm area, stop and buy a dozen Deering eggs and take them home and have them for breakfast, and I think that was probably particularly important during World War I," historian Arva Moore Parks said in the audio tour. "He was able to supply not only himself but his workers also." Inspired by European designs, the gardens feature mazes, terraces, fountains, and more. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Inspired by 17th- and 18th-century Italian and French villas, the Vizcaya gardens feature a variety of scenes, from a garden theater to multiple paths and mazes, intended to highlight and enhance the native South Florida flora surrounding the estate. The original layout of Vizcaya featured over 180 acres of subtropical forests. Today, that number has gone down to 50 acres. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan hosted Pope John Paul II at the estate. Diana Walker/Getty Images On September 10, 1987, President Ronald Reagan welcomed Pope John Paul II at Vizcaya, where the two conversed while exploring the gardens and the estate. Atop a garden mount is the Casino, a focal point of the gardens. Robin Hill/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museums and Gardens Located at the top of garden mounds designed to block the reflection of water ponds into the main house, the garden casino — Italian for "little house" — was a space where Deering and his guests could take in the garden views or enjoy the subtropical weather without being in direct contact with the sun. Inside the building, a painted ceiling depicts heavenly images. Underneath, bathrooms and other now closed-off areas hide under decorated ceilings. Originally, the casino overlooked a water park part of the estate, where gondolas would be launched, a crucial part of Deering's vision for Vizcaya. Today, the water park no longer exists, and the land is instead taken up by a Catholic church, hospital, and schools after the Deering family sold part of the property to the Catholic Diocese of St. Augustine in 1946. The opposite side of the estate was once used for clandestine entertainment; now, it is a café. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider While today a café sits underneath the mansion, the space served as a leisure center during Deering's stay. The rooms were filled with billiard tables, bowling alleys, and leather chairs. Hidden underneath the billiards table was also a roulette table, which Deering often used when his college friends visited the estate. The mansion, which opened at the peak of the Prohibition era, also had a decent supply of liquor, which Deering smuggled into the estate and hid in secret bars and cellars. The swimming pool is half-covered, providing relief from South Florida's relentless sun. Robin Hill/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum and Gardens Tucked next to the leisure rooms underneath the main house is the half-indoor swimming pool, in which Deering is said to have only swum once. Designed as the main entry point to the mansion, the east side of the mansion opens up to a stone barge in the Biscayne Bay. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider When he first moved into his winter home in December 1916, Deering arrived by sea on what he intended was the front entrance to Vizcaya. Opening up to the Biscayne Bay, the waterfront side of the property features a stone barge, a sculpted structure that acts as a breakwater and protects the main house from changing tides and waves. Today, the mansion hosts private events and has become a local staple for Quinceañera pictures. The mansion is often used for private events. Kristine Villarroel/Business Insider Purchased from the Deering family by Miami-Dade County for $1 million in 1962, Vizcaya today operates as a museum open to the public and for private reservations. The estate often serves as the backdrop for Quinceañera pictures among Miami's large Hispanic population. Walking around the gardens, I saw multiple young women dressed in extravagant gowns posing in the many stunning locations of the estate. Along with being a photographic hot spot, Vizcaya also hosts private events, from Miami Swim Week runway shows to floral-decorated weddings in the gardens. Today, the estate remains an icon of Miami, a city that many would often relate to modern luxury rather than the old and classic wealth on display in Gilded Age-style mansions like Vizcaya. The Vizcaya Village could be the future home of Ken Griffin's Villa Serena. Robin Hil Photography/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum and Gardens After purchasing the historic Villa Serena estate in Coconut Grove in 2022, Citadel CEO Ken Griffin proposed relocating the 1913 Mediterranean Revival mansion to Vizcaya's Village campus. The home, designed by architect August Geiger for William Jennings Bryan, a three-time Democratic presidential candidate and former US secretary of state, is considered one of Miami's earliest grand waterfront residences. The proposal would move the century-old home from Griffin's property to Vizcaya's Village grounds, where it would be open to the public for the first time in its history and would benefit from an additional $5 million endowment provided by Griffin for its preservation. Any relocation would require extensive planning and government approvals, which have not yet been cleared. Skeptics have said that moving the structure would be an ambitious undertaking that wouldn't align with preservation goals. "Moving a historic structure is absolutely a last resort solution, to be done only if (there) is no other way possible to save a structure… It is not a preservation-minded alternative just because someone bought it and now doesn't want it," Kathleen Slesnick Kauffman, Miami's former historic preservation officer, told the Chicago Tribune in 2023. The Village originally served as Vizcaya's self-sufficient farm and the servants' quarters. Robin Hil Photography/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum and Gardens The Vizcaya Village, which covers about 12 acres of agricultural fields and includes nearly a dozen buildings, was originally built as the quarters for the mansion's servants and farmers. Today, the campus houses a café and hosts a weekly farmers market, and is undergoing construction and expansions to transform the grounds into a cultural and community space. The Citadel CEO's $20 million donation will expand the village's role in the community. Robin Hil Photography/Courtesy of Vizcaya Museum and Gardens In November 2025, Vizcaya Museum and Gardens announced a $20 million capital donation from Griffin and said that the funds would be used toward building a brand new Center for Learning and Discovery in the village grounds. Once open, the center will offer educational programming like "hands-on artmaking and urban-agriculture experiences," the museum organization wrote in the announcement. The expansion will seek to expand Vizcaya's role in its community. Read the original article on Business Insider

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