Arkia Israel Airlines Resumes Flights to Marrakesh, Morocco
Arkia Israel Airlines announced it will resume twice-weekly flights to Marrakesh, Morocco, after a hiatus, offering Israeli travelers access to the North African destination.
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Arkia Israel Airlines announced it will resume twice-weekly flights to Marrakesh, Morocco, after a hiatus, offering Israeli travelers access to the North African destination.
Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria are actively expanding their academic influence across Africa, utilizing universities as a form of soft power. Concurrently, these North African countries are competing in the regional tourism market, with Algeria's new eVisa system signaling a significant reform to boost visitor growth.
Jet2 has announced new direct flights from Birmingham to Tunisia for the summer season, offering twice-weekly services. This move aims to boost UK holiday demand for North Africa and expand connectivity from Midlands Airport.
The African Development Bank is holding consultations in Tunisia regarding its North Africa Regional Integration Strategy, aiming to foster economic cooperation and development in the region.
Tunisair has added two new Airbus A320 aircraft to its fleet, strengthening air links between Tunis and major European cities like Paris, Rome, and Montreal. This expansion aims to boost North Africa's tourism recovery.
Jet2 has introduced a new flight route from Birmingham Airport to Tunisia for Summer 2027, expanding its leisure travel network and enhancing connectivity between the UK and North Africa.
A report describes the Medina of Tunis as a vibrant historical site, offering a glimpse into North African heritage and culture.

As the next FIFA World Cup approaches, discussions are ongoing regarding player impact, team preparations, and the tournament's schedule. Various reports and podcasts are covering qualifying matches, player performances, and the broader implications of the global football event.
Algeria and Tunisia have reached an agreement on nine practical projects in the telecommunications sector, signaling enhanced cooperation between the two North African nations.
Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia are experiencing a significant long-term demographic shift due to declining fertility rates across the region.
Malaysia is collaborating with Egypt, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia to ignite a surge in North African tourism, promoting Muslim-friendly journeys, direct flight accessibility, and diverse travel options.
INTERPOL announced its largest cybercrime operation to date, leading to the arrest of 201 suspects involved in phishing, malware, and online scams across the Middle East and North Africa.
Portugal is bracing for high temperatures, dust from North Africa, and an elevated risk of wildfires until Sunday, with the Algarve, Trás-os-Montes, and Alentejo regions being particularly vulnerable.

A report by the Stimson Centre highlights Morocco's efforts to consolidate its position as a stable and strategically important country in North Africa through reforms, diplomacy, and investments in technology and infrastructure, including AI.
Several European and North African countries are set to benefit from a monumental surge in United Kingdom outbound holiday travel, as easyJet significantly increases its aviation capacity.
The AMARC MENA, a regional community media network for the Middle East and North Africa, has been officially launched.
Following Sweden's successful efforts, Norway's Justice Minister Astri Aas-Hansen is open to the country doing more to repatriate gang criminals from the Middle East and North Africa.
The Algerian Prime Minister held phone discussions with his Tunisian counterpart, indicating diplomatic engagement between the two North African nations.
Researchers have discovered 7,000-year-old DNA in Morocco, providing new insights into the origins and spread of farming practices in North Africa.

French banking giant BNP Paribas has sold its 67% stake in its Moroccan subsidiary, BMCI, to local holding company Holmarcom, following a trend of French banks exiting the North African country.

Russia has reportedly suffered a humiliating and strategically significant defeat in Mali, Africa, despite several North African countries aligning closely with Moscow.
Startups in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are continuing to draw significant capital, with investments in artificial intelligence technologies accelerating rapidly across the sector.

The Turkish Defense Ministry on Wednesday highlighted Ankara’s adherence to the principle of “One Army, One Libya” after a landmark military exercise in the North African country....

NATO is responding to Turkey's request by creating a new multinational command in Adana, Turkey, as part of a southern defense plan covering the Mediterranean, South Caucasus, Black Sea, and North Africa.
A governor is under fire from residents for allegedly spending billions on a mansion in North Africa, with plans for residents to report the matter to the Auditor-General.

A century ago, in 1926, migrant workers in Paris formed the North African Star, a political group that became the first to advocate for Algerian independence from French rule, decades before decolonization became a reality.

South Korea is intensifying efforts to secure crude oil and naphtha supplies from North African countries like Algeria and Libya. This strategic move aims to diversify its energy sources and mitigate risks posed by ongoing disruptions in the Middle East.
Bernstein has identified ADNOC Gas and Fertiglobe as top investment picks within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) energy sector, according to its latest market analysis.

Oracle has announced the opening of its first public cloud region in Morocco, marking its entry as the first hyperscaler to establish a full-scale cloud presence in North Africa.

The United Kingdom has reaffirmed its support for Morocco's autonomy plan for Western Sahara, a stance confirmed by Hamish Falconer, Minister for the Middle East and North Africa at the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office.
According to reports from RFI, Ukraine and Russia are engaged in a covert 'shadow war' within Libya, extending their conflict to the North African nation.
A recent survey indicates that investors in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are more inclined to re-evaluate their investment portfolios compared to their more cautious global counterparts.
Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune has received the President of the Tunisian National Council of Regions and Districts. The meeting likely focused on bilateral relations and regional cooperation between the two North African nations.

Twenty-two migrants, including a woman and a minor, died off the coast of Greece after their rubber boat spent six days at sea attempting to reach Europe from North Africa, according to survivors.
Libya and Tunisia are leading efforts to establish a new Mediterranean energy corridor through North Africa-Europe electricity interconnectors, aiming to enhance regional energy sustainability.
A morning quiz asks for the code name given to the 1942 Allied invasion of North Africa, testing historical knowledge.

A spicy, aromatic way with lentils that’s redolent of north African cuisine and that pairs wonderfully with white fish, and a rustic Italian pasta Like most people in 1980s Britain, I didn’t really…

Spanish airline Air Nostrum, operating for Iberia Regional, is recruiting cabin crew in Madrid to support its network of 59 destinations across Europe and North Africa.
It was during the North African campaign in Tunisia that L. Sgt. Haane Manahi DCM confirmed his attributes as an outstanding leader and soldier.
From North Africa to Europe at London's Impala restaurant The Observer

Marrakech – Chinese automotive giant Zhejiang Geely Holding Group is pushing into Morocco’s satellite communications market through its aerospace subsidiary Geespace. The move is part of a broader expansion across North Africa and emerging markets worldwide. Geespace signed a memorandum of understanding last year with Soremar Group, a Casablanca-based firm that dominates Morocco’s marine electronics […] The post Chinese Geely’s Satellite Subsidiary Expands in Morocco With Soremar Deal appeare...
Startups across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have successfully secured fresh funding to scale their platforms in chips, AI, mobility, and proptech sectors.

As the US war on Iran rages, Angela Diffley welcomes Renaud Mansour, Senior Research Fellow on the Middle East and North Africa program at Chatham House.

North African dust carried to the UK by a weather system are forecast to have some unusual effects in the coming days.

Algeria has officially expressed interest in becoming an AFRIMA host, a move that could expand the prestigious Pan-African music awards to North Africa. Read More: https://punchng.com/algeria-expresses-interest-in-hosting-future-afrima-edition/
Saharan dust is forecast to remain over Portugal for several days, with a potential new episode linked to low-pressure systems in North Africa.
Egypt's new $1 billion charter aims to establish the country as a central hub in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region for scaling technology and brands.

A new Allianz report, 'The Country Risk Atlas 2026: Under the Surface,' indicates that Morocco is leading North Africa in stable growth and strategic diversification, with Egypt also showing strong growth.
The Foreign Ministers of Algeria and Tunisia held bilateral discussions in Addis Ababa, focusing on strengthening ties between the two North African nations.
Named the EFM’s Country in Focus, the North African nation is shifting from production service hub to creative powerhouse — driven by cash incentives, emerging talent and a push to create content with global appeal.
Morocco, Egypt, and Tunisia are collaborating to showcase North Africa's expanding travel appeal to global stakeholders, following Morocco's welcome of over four million international visitors and a sharp rise in tourism receipts.
Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and other North African countries are reportedly forming a tourism alliance to reshape global travel routes and boost coastal economies by 2026.

Migration is a global debate, with protests in South and North Africa calling for 'foreigners out.' A commentary argues that migration management is a crucial concern that belongs in parliaments, not in the hands of a mob.
Morocco's startup ecosystem has grown by 30.7%, but the country has lost its lead in North Africa to Tunisia, according to a report.
The jailing of a US citizen in Tunisia has led to increased pressure on the North African nation, drawing international attention to the case.
Jet2 has announced plans to restart flights and holiday packages to Tunisia next year. This move will re-establish travel options to the North African country.

Europe is experiencing a significant heatwave, with historical temperature records broken in Britain, France, Ireland, and Portugal, as a "heat dome" from North Africa pushes temperatures far above normal across Western Europe.
The suspect in the killing of Polish soldier Mateusz Sitek, identified as a North African citizen, is reportedly hiding in Belarus, leading Polish prosecutors to suspend the investigation due to a lack of cooperation from Minsk.
The ViaTunisia Subsea Cable has reportedly become operational, significantly improving internet and data connectivity between Europe and North Africa.

Deputy Minister to the President Irene Piki stated that Cyprus and Italy can serve as bridges of stability and economic interconnection between Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, as both nations aim to deepen trade cooperation.
Another 170 Bangladeshi nationals have returned home from Libya, adding to the ongoing repatriation efforts for migrants in the North African country.

The IPMA (Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere) announced that high concentrations of suspended dust from North Africa will continue to affect Portugal until Saturday. The Directorate-General of Health recommends that children and the elderly remain indoors when possible due to the dust.
North African nations are revising their 2026 tourism strategies to attract international travelers displaced from other regions. The adjustment aims to capitalize on changing global travel patterns.

Fast boats (EAVs) are being used as the main threat in drug trafficking, transporting large quantities of cocaine from offshore vessels arriving from Latin America, and hashish from Morocco and North Africa.
Kenya is actively seeking to attract and collaborate with startups from North Africa as part of a broader regional innovation push. This initiative aims to foster cross-border technological development and economic partnerships.

Media reports indicate that more than 100 migrants have arrived on Crete, with the islands of Crete and Gavdos increasingly becoming new arrival points for boats departing from the North African coast, many of which are overcrowded and unseaworthy.
The Swedish Justice Minister has traveled to Morocco, Turkey, and Tunisia to address the issue of gang leaders, a strategy that has proven effective.

Greece is reportedly looking to engage in talks with Libya to counter Turkish rights in the Mediterranean Sea, stemming from a 2019 maritime accord between Türkiye and the North African country.

Aleph Hospitality, a leading independent hotel management company, has opened a regional office in Casablanca and appointed Abdellah Essonni as Regional Vice President for North Africa.
Libya, Algeria, and Tunisia have signed an agreement to jointly manage the vast Sahara Aquifer resources. This collaboration aims to ensure the sustainable sharing and management of water resources across the three North African nations.
A foreign minister is slated to visit Libya on Monday, signaling diplomatic engagement with the North African nation.
The Algerian President received the President of the Tunisian National Council of Regions and Districts, indicating ongoing diplomatic engagement between the two North African nations.

Four North African individuals followed a Swiss man from a train in Milan and robbed him of his 40,000-franc watch, with the suspects later identified through surveillance cameras.
Tunisia is reportedly exploring collaboration with Russia to leverage its space expertise, aiming to advance the North African nation's own space program and ambitions.
Despite regional tensions, startup funding in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has reportedly maintained its flow.
Chinese automaker Chery has launched a new car model in Tunis, Tunisia, expanding its presence in the North African market.
The United States is reportedly working to bring together rival factions in Libya in an effort to diminish Russia's influence in the North African nation. This diplomatic push aims to stabilize the region and secure US interests.

Libya's two rival legislative bodies have signed the country's first unified state budget in over a decade, according to the central bank. This marks a significant step for the divided North African nation.
Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, and Jordan are collaborating to enforce a 9 PM curfew for shops and restaurants, a measure taken in response to an energy crisis impacting travel.

The Israeli army announced that one of its soldiers was killed 'in battle' in southern Lebanon, an area where Israel and the pro-Iranian Shiite organization have been clashing for over a month.
A Dubai-born hotel group has announced its expansion into the Moroccan market with the launch of a new property in Casablanca. This move marks the group's entry into the North African hospitality sector.

Spanish police have discovered a technologically advanced, maze-like underground tunnel used to smuggle tonnes of hashish from Morocco to Spain's North African exclave of Ceuta and Europe. The investigation revealed the tunnel's intricate design.

The presence of a DANA (isolated depression at high levels) in North Africa could also bring large waves to the coasts of the Balearic Islands. Read more
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region continues to experience strong early-stage funding momentum for startups, alongside ongoing plans for initial public offerings.
A $210 million investment made by Libya in Sandton has reportedly failed to provide any benefits for the people of the North African nation, raising questions about its effectiveness.
SNMVT Monoprix stock is experiencing challenges in the North African retail market amidst economic pressures.

Marrakech – Forbes Middle East released its 2026 ranking of the 100 Most Valuable Companies in the Middle East on Monday. Nine Moroccan companies made the list, placing the North African country fourth by company count behind the UAE with 35, Saudi Arabia with 34, and Qatar with 11. Kuwait followed with six. The ranking, […] The post Nine Moroccan Firms Secure Spots in Forbes Middle East’s 100 Most Valuable Companies appeared first on Morocco World News.
Moroccan humanitarian Fouzia Jbara Mahmoudi has dedicated over two decades to providing free cleft surgeries for children through Operation Smile. Her leadership has enabled over 19,000 surgeries in Morocco and expanded access to vital medical care across the Middle East and North Africa, transforming countless young lives.

Marrakech – A prominent American think tank has called on President Donald Trump and Secretary of State Marco Rubio to formally recognize Spain’s North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla as…
The UAE continues to lead the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region in start-up funding, even after experiencing a dip in investment during February.
What’s Behind North Africa’s Digital Generation? Tunisia. Telecom Review Africa

Saharastaub (Saharan dust) from North Africa is causing a milky sun and hazy skies in Germany until next week, with advice given for allergy and asthma sufferers.

Rabat – CNews and Europe 1 have decided to suspend commentator Jean-Claude Dassier “until further notice” for his racist comments targeting North African nationals imprisoned in France. The radio and television channels announced the news on Tuesday to AFP. The decision came after hostile remarks the commentator made during the CNews program. “We throw them […] The post CNews, Europe 1 Suspend Jean-Claude Dassier Over Racist Comment on North Africans appeared first on Morocco World News.
Eleven nearly continuous storms have devastated a significant portion of strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry crops in Portugal, Spain, and Morocco, also affecting quality. This destruction is expected to lead to shortages and increased prices for red berries.
A report highlights Sotipapier stock as a potentially overlooked investment opportunity in North Africa for US investors.

An article argues that Morocco must actively shape its own narrative in the Middle East and North Africa to avoid having its story owned and distorted by other countries.

An article describes a trek to Morocco’s tallest peak in the Atlas mountains, highlighting a fabled boutique hotel as a stunning base for hikes to spectacular viewpoints.
Startups across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have collectively drawn $190 million in a recent multi-sector funding wave.

(ANSA) - ROME, FEB 19 - Pompei, Naples, Lampedusa and Assisi are among the places Pope Leo XIV will visit this year in his travels around Italy, the Vatican said on Thursday. The first trip will take place on May 8 when the American pontiff will go to Pompei, the modern town that is home to the ruins of the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and to the Pontifical Shrine of the Blessed Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei, and then visit Naples. He will return to Campania on May 23 to go to Acerra and meet faithful from the 'Land of Fires, an area between Naples and Caserta where the mafia and others have been burning toxic waste for years and pushing up cancer rates. He will be in Pavia on June 20 and Lampedusa, the Italian island that is often the destination migrants seeking to reach Europe from North Africa head towards, on July 4. Leo will visit Saint Francis's home town Assisi on August 6 and on August 22 he will take part in the 47th Meeting for Friendship Among Peoples organized by Catholic Comunione e Liberazione (CL) movement. He will be the first pope to take part in the Rimini meeting since John Paul II in 1982. (ANSA). Read article...

Egypt's coach, Hassan, accused officials of unfair treatment and bias towards Lionel Messi after his team squandered a two-goal lead and lost 3-2 to Argentina, leading to their exit from the World Cup. The controversial defeat sparked fury and heartbreak among Egyptian fans and the team.

Daewoong Pharmaceutical has secured a 145.2 billion won ($93.4 million) export and supply agreement with Acino Pharma AG to launch its diabetes drug Envlo in eight key markets across the Middle East and North Africa.
A 'Study In Malaysia' fair was held to attract students from Algeria and Tunisia, capitalizing on the strong demand for foreign degrees in these North African countries. The event aims to promote Malaysian higher education institutions.
The UK, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain are leading a surge in European travel to Tunisia, contributing to a North African tourism boom driven by Algeria, Libya, and Gulf nations, with Mediterranean cliffside destinations emerging as high-demand getaways.
A feature article explores Olhão, a Portuguese fishing city, highlighting its labyrinthine streets inspired by North Africa and its accessibility from the Ria Formosa.
Italy has blocked imports of red shrimp from Tunisia after the North African country exceeded its fishing quotas.
Chinese automaker Chery has introduced three new hybrid car models in Tunisia, expanding its presence in the North African market.

The Barbary restaurant in central London provides recipes for simple summer dips, emphasizing a good mix of North African spice, seasoning, color, and texture to excite the palate.

An anticyclonic ridge from North Africa is causing a heatwave over Western Europe, pushing temperatures in Spain close to 40°C and making May feel like August.

For three evenings, the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Nicosia will transform its rooftop into a film club, screening artist films and videos from the Middle East, North Africa, Greece, and Cyprus, curated by Róisín Tappo.
Algeria is maintaining its electricity exports to Tunisia, reinforcing energy cooperation between the two North African nations.

Portugal's Directorate-General of Health (DGS) has advised vulnerable populations to avoid physical exertion and risk factors, urging them to stay home due to dust particles in the air originating from North Africa, which will affect air quality.

Security expert Hager Ali stated in an interview that Europe must prepare for a new influx of migrants from Africa, despite current cooperation with North African countries leading to fewer irregular entries into the EU. She explained why Europe should still expect more migrants in the future.
The Doha Film Institute (DFI) has unveiled a new book that delves into the cinematic journeys of filmmakers from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The publication aims to highlight their contributions and diverse storytelling.

On May 13, 1943, the North African campaign of World War II concluded with the surrender of German and Italian forces in Tunisia, a pivotal moment in the conflict.
The Cap Bon region of Tunisia, encompassing Nabeul and Hammamet, has been recommended for the prestigious World Region of Gastronomy 2028 title. This recognition aims to highlight North Africa's culinary heritage and boost tourism in the area.
Foreign visitors have returned to participate in the annual Jewish pilgrimage in Tunisia, which is being held under tight security measures. This event is seen as part of broader signals of new openings for Jewish communities in North Africa.
Libya, Algeria, and Tunisia have reached an agreement to share groundwater resources from the North Western Sahara, addressing regional water scarcity.

Annemarie Jacir’s Oscar-shortlisted drama 'Palestine 36', which explores the 1936-1939 revolt, has secured a licensing deal with Netflix MENA, making it available across the Middle East and North Africa.

A new working paper by Bank Al-Maghrib has identified political instability, limited access to finance, and informal competition as the primary constraints hindering firm growth across the Middle East and North Africa region.

Safae el Khannoussi's debut novel, "Oroppa," is described as a mythical work resembling modern "1001 Nights" stories, focusing on North African migrants in Europe.
Business travel across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is experiencing a significant rebound, with bookings jumping 20%, primarily led by demand from the UAE and Saudi Arabia.
An analysis delves into the significance of Carthage Cement's stock and its strategic positioning in North Africa, exploring how this impacts its global market relevance.
Uganda is exploring partnerships with Egypt to gain access to the North African market for its goods and services.

The Strait of Hormuz has reopened, easing global energy concerns, with President Trump expressing optimism for an impending deal with Iran. However, Iranian officials have warned they could re-close the vital waterway if the US blockade continues, while also rejecting Trump's claims about giving up uranium.

A dense plume of Saharan dust has enveloped Greece, leading to nationwide air quality alerts and reduced visibility. The phenomenon, carried by strong winds from North Africa, is also expected to bring muddy rain to parts of the country.

The Italian company Novation Tech has inaugurated a new production plant in Monastir, Tunisia. This expansion marks a significant investment by the firm in the North African country.
Instagram has announced the expansion of its safety features for teenagers across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including the UAE.

More than 180 people are missing or feared dead following several migrant shipwrecks in the Mediterranean, making 2026 one of the deadliest years on record for those attempting to reach Europe from North Africa.

Republican Representative Mario Díaz-Balart, a top ally of Senator Rubio, made a politically significant statement asserting that Spain's North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla are not geographically in Spain.

Cyprus has escalated its weather warning to red due to a severe episode of African dust engulfing the island, leading to hazardous air quality. The Larnaca Municipality has instructed staff to suspend outdoor work and advised residents to stay indoors and close windows as airborne particle concentrations exceed 200 μg/m³.

Egypt is set to host Finnovex North Africa 2026 in Cairo on April 27, bringing together financial leaders at a crucial time for the country's ongoing fintech transformation.
An analysis explains the 'Arabic gap,' detailing why most voice artificial intelligence systems struggle to perform effectively in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) markets.

Gundis, a type of rodent native to North Africa, have been born in Zagreb for the first time, marking a notable event.
Eid ul Fitr 2026 will be celebrated on Friday, March 20, by millions across North Africa, the Middle East and Europe, marking a rare global alignment.

Two successive weather fronts are affecting Greece, bringing increased African dust and storms to Attica until Saturday, with the first wave organized near North Africa.
Startup funding in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region amounted to $326.6 million in February, with early-stage deals accounting for the majority of investments.
BH Bank stock (ISIN: TN0001400859) is experiencing muted trading activity amidst broader shifts within the North African banking sector.
Algeria and Tunisia have officially launched a new international bus passenger route, enhancing connectivity between the two North African nations.

Weeks after Storm Harry, the bodies of anonymous migrants have washed ashore in Sicily, victims of extreme weather while attempting to cross the sea from North Africa.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has reported that Morocco's economy grew by 4.4%, positioning it among the top-performing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

Marrakech – Turkish Airlines carried 92.6 million passengers in 2025 and posted $24.1 billion in total revenue. The airline’s chairman told Morocco World News (MWN) that the North African country remains a high-priority market as the carrier eyes further expansion on the continent. In an exclusive interview with MWN, Prof. Ahmet Bolat, Chairman of the […] The post Turkish Airlines Chairman to MWN: Morocco Is a Priority Market appeared first on Morocco World News.

North African dust carried to the UK by a weather system are forecast to have some unusual effects in the coming days.

Portugal is expected to have poor air quality for the next two days as a mass of air carrying suspended dust from North African deserts is forecast to cross continental Portugal.

This former industrial quartier is now getting noticed for its community-focused art spaces, lively local bars and inexpensive north African food On a hill that rises up between Belleville’s Chinatown
IAAPA and MENALAC are set to launch IAAPA MENA, establishing a new regional office to serve the Middle East and North Africa amusement industry.

A fabled boutique hotel in the Atlas mountains makes a stunning base for hikes to spectacular viewpoints Coming up the footpath from Imlil, Hussein and I step aside to let a laden mule go past and I look back. On the wooded lower slopes of the valley are clusters of tall houses, some plumed with wood smoke. There appears to be a lot of building work going on, some of it to repair the damage caused by the 2023 earthquake. The sound of a concrete mixer comes cutting through the cool mountain ai...
A report highlights One Tech Holding as a specialized North African technology company that US investors may be overlooking.

Anne-Claire Legendre, French President Emmanuel Macron's Middle East and North Africa adviser, has been named as the new head of the Arab World Institute in Paris.