Norway national anthem in English: Explaining 'Ja, vi elsker dette landet' translation, history and more

Before kickoff, the stadium will hear "Ja, vi elsker dette landet," Norway's national anthem, a song that took more than 150 years to become official despite being sung at matches and ceremonies for generations. There's no single official English translation, since the anthem has only ever been formally adopted in Norwegian, but that first verse is the version most commonly used when it's rendered into English. Who wrote Norway's national anthem?