How Russia’s school history lessons are reframing Stalin, Gorbachev, and the war in Ukraine

Since 2023, history in Russian high schools has been taught from a single, standardized textbook, whose lead author is Putin aide Vladimir Medinsky. Its creators have made no secret of the fact that their main goal is to “foster patriotism.” Starting in September 2026, all schools will switch to the same textbook series, beginning in fifth grade. In an interview with the Russian newspaper Kommersant, Vladislav Kononov, the project’s executive secretary and a presidential administration offici...